Oskar
Schindler joined the Nazi party in February 1939. Four years later, he
began using his position as an industrialist to employ and shield Jews
otherwise destined to be gassed or worked to death under the Nazi
program of Jewish liquidation. In Steven Speilberg’s 1993 film depicting
Schindler’s efforts to save as many Jews as possible, viewers are
implicitly challenged to ask themselves whether they would have the
courage to follow Schindler’s example if the situation were ever to
arise again.
Many
flatter themselves with a knowing self-assurance that they would have
opposed the Nazis in the 1930s and 1940s. What kind of monster would
have wanted anything but salvation for the starving, helpless victims of
Nazi cruelty? Many claim they’re doing something like that now by
combatting racism, oppression, and discrimination.
But
to know whether one would have the courage of Oskar Schindler, one must
remember that the Germans didn’t visualize starving concentration camp
victims when they collaborated with the program of Jewish extermination.
The Nazis could have been stopped if public opinion had been with the
Jews. In 1941, German public opinion turned on the Nazis when they
attempted to liquidate mentally disabled Germans, and the Nazis backed down.
German citizens saw the mentally disabled as helpless and vulnerable so
they protected them. So why didn’t the Germans stop the Nazis from
murdering millions of Jews?
The answer lies in how the Germans were indoctrinated to perceive the Jews. In 1873, Wilhelm Marr, a German political agitator coined
the term, “anti-Semitism” to support his thesis that the Jews had
infiltrated and controlled the German government. The Jews were seen as a
privileged minority who obtained wealth and power through illegitimate
means. To offset the “illegitimately gained” influence and privilege of
the Jews, Germans, as far back as 1750, passed laws restricting Jewish
participation in universities and government.
Two
centuries before Hitler, Germans justified discrimination by pointing
to imbalances in outcomes in hiring and academic achievements.
Nevertheless, the problem of Jewish “privilege” persisted, leading Karl
Marx (yes, that Karl Marx) to write an essay describing
“a fictitious state of affairs when in theory the Jew is deprived of
political rights, whereas in practice he has immense power and exerts
his political influence en gros, although it is curtailed en détail.” Marx,
himself of Jewish heritage, further wrote, “Money is the jealous god of
Israel, in face of which no other god may exist,” and “The bill of
exchange is the real god of the Jew.”
Although
Germany boasted the finest universities in the world, its academics
nevertheless fell prey to bigoted social theories that led to official
policies discriminating against Jews and “Jewish ideas.” As
indoctrinated students graduated from these universities and entered
journalism, the print media echoed and extended the bigoted social
theory. Key to understanding the moral justification for this bigotry is
that the Germans considered the Jews to be privileged and powerful when
compared to the downtrodden German.
Every
social ill was blamed on Jews by invoking a sweeping historical
narrative—a technique that allows an ethnic group to be maligned without
citing specific facts or evidence. Historical narratives can’t be
disproven because they use generalizations and stereotypes about the
sins of an ethnic group. Since there are no specific dates or actors
cited, the allegations are immune to refutation. It doesn’t matter
whether a particular individual participated in the historical evils
attributed to his ethnicity. This is because his wealth and privilege,
which he continues to enjoy, were acquired illegitimately by his ancestors.
More
importantly, historical narratives set up a problem that can never be
solved. Concrete actions taken against present-day members of an ethnic
group can never change the past. So the historical narrative gradually
pushes society to take stronger and stronger measures to pay debts that
can never be satisfied.
Historical narratives precede all genocides. All of them. In Rwanda, historical narrative alleged that the Tutsi collaborated
with German and Belgium colonizers to exploit their Hutu countrymen.
When independence allowed the more numerous Hutu to gain power, the
historical narrative demanded redress to the Tutsi power and privilege
obtained illegitimately through collaboration with the colonizers. Genocide followed.
In
Ukraine the Soviets demonized the “Kulaks,” (former peasants who rose
above poverty) for “exploiting” their class peers to achieve wealth. Genocide followed. Cambodia, Turkey, Ethiopia
and many additional examples all share a common and necessary
precondition: a propaganda campaign labeling the target ethnic group as a
perpetrator of historical injustice.
So
if you want to test yourself to determine whether you would act as an
Oskar Schindler, ask yourself if you could resist indoctrination that
demonized an ethnic group using historical narrative. Would you speak up
to challenge schools that taught students that a particular ethnic
group possessed an unearned, illegitimate advantage that should be addressed as a matter of equity? Would you challenge college admissions that screened out an ethnic group based on historical justifications? Would you object to corporations screening applicants based on race? Would you condemn public displays of intimidation directed at the ethnic group?
Perhaps
you think that it’s illegitimate to compare the propaganda enabling
past genocides to modern racial justice theory. You might feel confident
that the historical narrative of the day is morally justified compared
to past hysterical movements that led to so much tragedy. After all, you
might feel that your conviction is confirmed by university professors,
modern media, government, and neighbors all around you. How could it be
propaganda if everyone is saying it? When we watch black and white
footage of rallies heaping invective on targeted ethnic groups, we
recoil in horror. But today’s social justice movements seem totally
reasonable and morally upright.
To
claim the courage of Oskar Schindler, you would have to have the
courage to challenge the premise that ethnic groups should be punished
for the sins of their ancestors. You would have to dispute
delegitimization of the accomplishments of that group. You would have to
be willing to be the only one speaking up when all the media,
universities, and government disapprove of your message. You would have
to oppose collective justice and protect an individual’s right to equal
treatment regardless of ethnicity. You would have to have the courage to
risk ridicule, ostracization, and loss of job security. It’s easy to
fantasize about what you would have done in history. It’s a lot harder
to speak up about something that’s happening now.
1 comment:
There is no question that Oskar Schindler was a great man. Today, there are thousands, perhaps millions of people speaking out about what is happening in America. Their voice is drowned out by celebrities, big media, internet giants, government and fear of reprisal. Look around and listen.
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