LONDON — Moves
by rich countries to buy large quantities of monkeypox vaccine, while
declining to share doses with Africa, could leave millions of people
unprotected against a more dangerous version of the disease and risk
continued spillovers of the virus into humans, public health officials
are warning.
Critics fear a repeat of the catastrophic inequity problems seen during the coronavirus pandemic.
“The
mistakes we saw during the COVID-19 pandemic are already being
repeated,” said Dr. Boghuma Kabisen Titanji, an assistant professor of
medicine at Emory University.
While
rich countries have ordered millions of vaccines to stop monkeypox
within their borders, none have announced plans to share doses with
Africa, where a more lethal form of monkeypox is spreading than in the
West.
To date,
there have been more than 22,000 monkeypox cases reported in nearly 80
countries since May, with about 75 suspected deaths in Africa, mostly in
Nigeria and Congo. On Friday, Brazil and Spain reported deaths linked
to monkeypox, the first reported outside Africa. Spain reported a second monkeypox death Saturday.
“The African countries dealing with monkeypox outbreaks for decades have
been relegated to a footnote in conversations about the global
response,” Titanji said.
Scientists say that,
unlike campaigns to stop COVID-19, mass vaccinations against monkeypox
won’t be necessary. They think targeted use of the available doses,
along with other measures, could shut down the expanding epidemics that
were recently designated by the World Health Organization as a global health emergency.
Yet while monkeypox is much harder to spread
than COVID-19, experts warn if the disease spills over into general
populations — currently in Europe and North America it is circulating
almost exclusively among gay and bisexual men — the need for vaccines
could intensify, especially if the virus becomes entrenched in new
regions.
On Thursday, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention called for the continent to be prioritized for vaccines, saying it was again being left behind.
“If we’re not safe, the rest of the world is not safe,” said Africa CDC’s acting director, Ahmed Ogwell.
Although
monkeypox has been endemic in parts of Africa for decades, it mostly
jumps into people from infected wild animals and has not typically
spread very far beyond the continent.
Experts
suspect the monkeypox outbreaks in North America and Europe may have
originated in Africa long before the disease started spreading via sex at two raves
in Spain and Belgium. Currently, more than 70% of the world’s monkeypox
cases are in Europe, and 98% are in men who have sex with men.
Catherine
Smallwood, a senior emergencies officer at WHO Europe, said the deaths
in Spain did not change the agency’s assessment of the outbreak.
“Although
the disease is self-limiting in most cases, monkeypox can cause severe
complications,” she said in an email, adding that about 8% of infections
reported had required hospitalization and that monkeypox could
sometimes lead to life-threatening complications like encephalitis.
“With the continued spread of monkeypox in Europe, we will expect to see more deaths,” Smallwood said.
WHO is developing a vaccine-sharing mechanism
for affected countries, but has released few details about how it might
work. The U.N. health agency has made no guarantees about prioritizing
poor countries in Africa, saying only that vaccines would be dispensed
based on epidemiological need.
Some experts worry the mechanism could duplicate the problems seen with COVAX,
created by WHO and partners in 2020 to try to ensure poorer countries
would get COVID-19 shots. That missed repeated targets to share vaccines
with poorer nations.
“Just
asking countries to share is not going to be enough,” said Sharmila
Shetty, a vaccines adviser for Medecins Sans Frontieres. “The longer
monkeypox circulates, the greater chances it could get into new animal
reservoirs or spread to” the human general population, she said.
At
the moment, there’s only one producer of the most advanced monkeypox
vaccine: the Danish company Bavarian Nordic. Its production capacity
this year is about 30 million doses, with about 16 million vaccines
available now.
In
May, Bavarian Nordic asked the U.S. to release more than 215,000 doses
it was due to receive “to assist with international requests the company
was receiving,” and the U.S. complied, according to Bill Hall, a
spokesman for the department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. will
still receive the doses but at a later date.
The company declined to specify which countries it was allocating doses for.
Hall
said the U.S. has not made any other promises to share vaccines. The
U.S. has ordered by far the most number of doses, with 13 million
reserved, although only about 1.4 million have been delivered.
Some
African officials said it would be wise to stockpile some doses on the
continent, especially given the difficulties Western countries were
having stopping monkeypox.
“I
really didn’t think this would spread very far, because monkeypox does
not spread like COVID,” said Salim Abdool Karim, an infectious diseases
epidemiologist at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.
“Africa should procure some vaccines in case we need them, but we should
prioritize diagnostics and surveillance so we know who to target.”
Dr.
Ingrid Katz, a global health expert at Harvard University, said the
monkeypox epidemics were “potentially manageable” if the limited
vaccines were distributed appropriately. She believed it was still
possible to prevent monkeypox from turning into a pandemic but “we need
to be thoughtful in our prevention strategies and rapid in our
response.”
In Spain, which has Europe’s biggest monkeypox outbreak, the demand for vaccines far exceeds supply.
“There
is a real gap between the number of vaccines that we currently have
available and the people who could benefit,” said Pep Coll, a medical
director at a Barcelona health center that was dispensing shots this
week.
Daniel
Rofin, 41, was more than happy to be offered a dose. He said he decided
to get vaccinated for the same reasons he was immunized against
COVID-19.
“I feel reassured it is a way to stop the spread,” he said. “We (gay men) are a group at risk.”
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Alex Jones’ Unfounded Claims That Monkeypox Outbreak Due To Covid-19 Vaccines
By Bruce Y. Lee"Alex Jones insanely claims certain covid vaccines are causing monkeypox: “What is AstraZeneca and J+J. They’re virus vectors that inject the genome of a chimpanzee into your cells.” Maybe Marge Greene can discuss this with him on her next appearance on the show."
As you can see, Jones’s primary argument was that the monkeypox
outbreak has been affecting the same countries where people have been
receiving the Astra-Zeneca and Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccines.
Of course, that ain’t too compelling an argument. A lot has been going
on in the 12 countries that have had monkeypox cases so far, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
For example, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, U.K., and the U.S. all have places
that serve hot dogs as well. Yet, frankly, you don’t seem to hear
anyone wondering whether hot dogs may be the source of the monkeypox
outbreak.
Jones went on to claim that these two Covid-19 vaccines are “virus
vectors that inject the genome of a chimpanzee in to your cells and then
orders your cells to replicate under those orders.“ Umm, that would be
correct except for the fact that it is completely wrong. As Peter Hotez,
MD, PhD, Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine, pointed out
in the following tweets, Jones seemed to be injecting quite a lot of
what-the-bleep into his InfoWars segment.